Passport Mobility

Compare passports

Put two passports on the table. See which one travels farther, where each one wins, and what it generally takes to acquire and keep it.

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At a glance

Germany has the practical mobility edge

Germany leads by 5.6 weighted points. United States still has an easier route into 1 destinations in the current confirmed rules.

-4 live mobility from US -5.6 weighted from US 179 shared accessible destinations
United States passport illustration
Passport A · US

United States

North America

Henley benchmark
#8 · 184
Live mobility
180
Weighted
159.9
Matrix routes
198 / 198
Dual: Permitted
Open United States mobility →
Germany passport illustration
Passport B · DE

Germany

Western Europe

Henley benchmark
#2 · 190
Live mobility
184
Weighted
165.5
Matrix routes
198 / 198
EU Schengen Dual: Permitted
Open Germany mobility →
Travel access

The score, unpacked

How the scoring works →

Henley benchmark is the external ranking reference in our passport dataset.

Live mobility counts each confirmed visa-free, arrival, ETA, or eVisa destination once.

Weighted mobility discounts extra friction: 1.0 / 0.8 / 0.7 / 0.6.

Category counts explain the mix. More ETAs, arrival visas, or eVisas are not wins by themselves.

Metric US DE What it says
Live mobilityDestinations reachable without a consular visa before travel. US180 DE184 ReadoutDE leads by 4
Weighted mobilityThe same access, discounted when an ETA, arrival visa, or eVisa adds friction. US159.9 DE165.5 ReadoutDE leads by 5.6
Visa-freeNo visa or travel authorization required before departure. US111 DE121 ReadoutDE leads by 10
Visa on arrivalPermission is issued at the border; this is category mix, not a win by itself. US33 DE28 ReadoutUS has 5 more
ETADigital pre-clearance before travel; this is category mix, not a win by itself. US9 DE11 ReadoutDE has 2 more
eVisaAn online visa is required before travel; this is category mix, not a win by itself. US27 DE24 ReadoutUS has 3 more
Advance visa requiredA consular visa is required before travel; fewer is better. US18 DE14 ReadoutDE has 4 fewer

Matrix coverage is complete: 39,402 of 39,402 international routes (100%). This comparison uses 198 US rules and 198 DE rules; each passport's domestic self-route is excluded.

Source trail

Evidence attached to this pair

Full source methodology →

Every link below is taken from a rule used in this comparison. Counts show how many rules for each selected passport carry that citation.

  • European Commission Level 3 · official · Accessed 2025-02-01 · US 0 rules · DE 4 rules

    Schengen area internal free movement overview.

  • UAE Government Level 2 · corroborated · Accessed 2025-02-01 · US 1 rules · DE 1 rules

    Sample UAE visa on arrival references.

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Level 2 · corroborated · Accessed 2025-02-01 · US 2 rules · DE 0 rules

    Sample visa-free stays for select passports.

  • UK Home Office Level 2 · corroborated · Accessed 2025-02-01 · US 1 rules · DE 0 rules

    ETA requirements for US passport holders.

  • US Department of State Level 2 · corroborated · Accessed 2025-02-01 · US 0 rules · DE 1 rules

    Sample US visa waiver/ETA references.

  • imorte/passport-index-data Level 1 · baseline · Accessed 2026-07-03 · US 194 rules · DE 192 rules

    MIT-licensed third-party passport visa requirement dataset; broad tourism baseline, not an official government source.

The useful part

Where the passports differ

168 destinations have the same confirmed access level for both passports.

179accessible with both
0confirmed US-only access
4confirmed DE-only access
US advantage

United States is easier in 1

0 exclusive-access differences · 1 lower-friction differences

Americas 1
See all 1 destinations
  • Canada US: Visa-free · DE: ETA
DE advantage

Germany is easier in 14

4 exclusive-access differences · 10 lower-friction differences

Asia 5 · Oceania 4 · Europe 2
See all 14 destinations
  • Belarus DE: Visa-free · US: eVisa
  • Brazil DE: Visa-free · US: eVisa
  • China DE: Visa-free · US: Visa required
  • Gambia DE: Visa-free · US: Visa on arrival
  • Iran DE: Visa on arrival · US: Visa required
  • Russia DE: eVisa · US: Visa required
  • Samoa DE: Visa-free · US: Visa on arrival
  • Solomon Islands DE: Visa-free · US: Visa on arrival
  • Timor-Leste DE: Visa-free · US: Visa on arrival
  • Tonga DE: Visa-free · US: Visa on arrival
  • Tuvalu DE: Visa-free · US: Visa on arrival
  • Uzbekistan DE: Visa-free · US: eVisa
  • Venezuela DE: Visa-free · US: Visa required
  • Vietnam DE: Visa-free · US: eVisa
Beyond the airport

Acquiring and keeping it

Baseline planning data—not a personal eligibility assessment.

Baseline United States Germany
Standard total timeline US6 years DE5 years
Residency baseline US5 years DE5 years
Language USRequired · Basic DERequired · B1
Civics test USYes DEYes
Renunciation baseline USNo DENo
Dual citizenship USPermitted DEPermitted
Descent route USUp to 1 generation DERoute available
Citizenship by investment USNo citizenship route DENo citizenship route

United States: 3 years if married to US citizen

Germany: Generally eligible after more than five years of legal residence; German law permits multiple citizenships.